Cloud is a key modulator of the energy budget in earth-atmosphere system. The macro- and micro-physical parameters of cloud have an important influence on precipitation intensity and distributions in arid region. In order to clarify the macroscopic characteristics of cloud in the hinterland of Taklimakan Desert (TD), the structures of cloud layers were continuously detected at Tazhong station from July 23 to September 30 in 2019 by using the CHM15K ceilometer. The variation characteristics of cloud base height, cloud layer thickness, and total cloud coverage were analyzed over Tazhong station in August and September 2019. The results show that the ceilometer could clearly observe the distributions of cloud layer and rainfall processes over TD. The average cloud base height at Tazhong station was about 4.6 km in August and September 2019.The high and middle level clouds predominated at Tazhong station. And the sum of proportions of high and middle level clouds exceeded 90% in August and September, and the proportion of single-layer cloud was significantly higher than that of multi-layer cloud. The cloud layer thickness at Tazhong station was relatively small, the average thicknesses of the first cloud layer were 402 m and 532 m in August and September, respectively, corresponding cloud layer thickness less than 500 m accounted for 64.2% and 58.8%. This implied that the cloud layers were geometrically thin at Tazhong station in August and September 2019. The results of total cloud coverage indicated that the proportion of all-sky cloud day in August was highest (32.6%), whereas the proportion of cloudless sky in September was highest (40.8%), which suggested that clear-sky days were dominant in September. The results of this study will help to understand the spatial and temporal distributions and evolution features of cloud macroscopic characteristics over the hinterland of TD, which provide invaluable datasets for validation of numerical model simulations and satellite remote sensing products.